This review discusses the rationale behind molecular testing of patients with advanced NSCLC, highlights the benefits of comprehensive genomic profiling at diagnosis and presents four cases that demonstrate the need for tissue stewardship in the context of biomarker testing.

The dynamic nature of the immune tumor microenvironment presents challenges for robust biomarker development for immunotherapy.

In this real-world study of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, integrated analysis of ctDNA and matched white blood cells measured molecular response through longitudinal liquid biopsy and more accurately predicted radiographic response and overall survival.